Birdman is a movie directed by Alejandro Gonzales Iñaritu and written by Alejandro Gonzales Iñaritu,
- Nicolas Giacobone Alexander Dinelaris, Jr. and Armando Bo. Staring Michael Keaton, Naomi Watts, Emma Stone, Edward Norton, Zach Galifianakis, Amy Ryan and Andrea Riseborough.
This movie is about Riggan thompson a washed-up actor who played the super heroe birdman in an old movie. Riggan is tormented by the voice of birdman who critisize him and makes him imagine he have telekinesis and levitation. He tries to restart his carear by writting, directing and staring his play called "What we talk about, when we talk about love", produce by his friend the lawyer Jake. The movie stars Raggan's girlfriend Laura, her friend Leslie and Mike Shiner, his daughter Samantha who just got out of rehab helps him as his asistant. Riggan is struggling dealing with Tabitha Dickinson who hates him and evrething hi does and claims to kill his play with a negative critic. The next day he alusinates a conversation with birdman who tries ti maje him make another birdman movie, he seees himself flying back to the theater. On the opening night he shoots himself in the nose in the scene where he suicides and he ends up in ghe hospital where he has another conversation with birdman. At the end hi sees birds flying and he climbs to the window edge and disapears.
This movie had 9 nominations for the Academy Awards. This movie won 4 awards for best pucture, best director, best original screenplay and best cinematography.
Very good commentary, Rafaella. However, you need to work a little bit on your spelling.
ResponderEliminarHow is TS treated?
ResponderEliminarBecause tic symptoms often do not cause impairment, the majority of people with TS require no medication for tic suppression. However, effective medications are available for those whose symptoms interfere with functioning. Neuroleptics (drugs that may be used to treat psychotic and non-psychotic disorders) are the most consistently useful medications for tic suppression; a number are available but some are more effective than others (for example, haloperidol and pimozide).
Unfortunately, there is no one medication that is helpful to all people with TS, nor does any medication completely eliminate symptoms. In addition, all medications have side effects. Many neuroleptic side effects can be managed by initiating treatment slowly and reducing the dose when side effects occur. The most common side effects of neuroleptics include sedation, weight gain, and cognitive dulling. Neurological side effects such as tremor, dystonic reactions (twisting movements or postures), parkinsonian-like symptoms, and other dyskinetic (involuntary) movements are less common and are readily managed with dose reduction.
Discontinuing neuroleptics after long-term use must be done slowly to avoid rebound increases in tics and withdrawal dyskinesias. One form of dyskinesia called tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder distinct from TS that may result from the chronic use of neuroleptics. The risk of this side effect can be reduced by using lower doses of neuroleptics for shorter periods of time.
Other medications may also be useful for reducing tic severity, but most have not been as extensively studied or shown to be as consistently useful as neuroleptics. Additional medications with demonstrated efficacy include alpha-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine and guanfacine. These medications are used primarily for hypertension but are also used in the treatment of tics. The most common side effect from these medications that precludes their use is sedation. However, given the lower side effect risk associated with these medications, they are often used as first-line agents before proceeding to treatment with neuroleptics.
Effective medications are also available to treat some of the associated neurobehavioral disorders that can occur in patients with TS. Recent research shows that stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine can lessen ADHD symptoms in people with TS without causing tics to become more severe. However, the product labeling for stimulants currently contraindicates the use of these drugs in children with tics/TS and those with a family history of tics. Scientists hope that future studies will include a thorough discussion of the risks and benefits of stimulants in those with TS or a family history of TS and will clarify this issue. For obsessive-compulsive symptoms that significantly disrupt daily functioning, the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline) have been proven effective in some patients.
Behavioral treatments such as awareness training and competing response training can also be used to reduce tics. A recent NIH-funded, multi-center randomized control trial called Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, or CBIT, showed that training to voluntarily move in response to a premonitory urge can reduce tic symptoms. Other behavioral therapies, such as biofeedback or supportive therapy, have not been shown to reduce tic symptoms. However, supportive therapy can help a person with TS better cope with the disorder and deal with the secondary social and emotional problems that sometimes occur.
the links to know more about tourette syndrome are:
ResponderEliminarwww.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tourette/tourette.htm (this one has treatments)
www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tourette/detail_tourette.htm
:D
other good links about TS
ResponderEliminarhttp://www.cedu.niu.edu/~shumow/itt/Tourette%27s%20Syndrome.pdf
http://www.tsa-usa.org/
http://www.tourettesyndrome.net/
http://members.tripod.com/~tourette13/
http://www.tourette.org.au/
put something for treatment like: there is no treatment but there are ways to control them. sycologists help to control them by helping them concetntrate, etc... :D
ResponderEliminar